Global Warming (Research Paper)
Upesh
Karki
Laguardia Commmunity College
Student
New York, USA
upacekar3@gmail.com
Abstract—Global warming is a very simple topic, yet many
people tend to have misconceptions about what it actually is. Some get confused
by rise in temperature, some think it is ice caps meeting but global warming is
a change in climate that has lots of ripple effects in nature.
I. Introduction
As life started to
exist on earth, we see the earth's climate is always changing, causing the life
to adopt in different changed climates. Those who succeed to adopt, will
survive and those who do not will be wiped from their entire existence. Climate is changing, but we humans are
shortening our days on earth by increasing the rate of climate change. So, in a
broad sense, Climate change occurs when changes in Earth’s climate system
result in new weather patterns that remain in place for an extended period of
time. Thus, Global warming is an aspect of climate change. It is the long term
rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system. However, global
warming denotes the mainly human caused increase in global surface
temperatures. While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming, many
observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over the
decades of millennia. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change Fifth Assessment report,” It is extremely likely that human influence
has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th
century.”
There are a lot
of aftermaths of global warming that
even this research paper is not enough to write about. Despite all of the
evidence that proves the reality of global warming, there is still a huge
controversy on this issue with the statements like, “ It’s just a natural
calamitic variability.” or “Carbon
Dioxide is better for plants, so the plants will be better off. “ or “I agree
that the climate is changing, but I’m skeptical that humans are the main cause,
so we shouldn’t do anything.” or “Why do people continue to question the
reality of global warming?”. Thus, our
research paper attempts to clear the controversy over the reality of global warming.
Thus, our hypothesis in this
project is that global warming is real. Ease of Use
II. Literature Review
According to NASA. Climate change, they
have dedicated a whole website for the studies about the effects, evidence and
resolutions for climate change. Write something from other paper and article by
studying. The largest influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such
as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.
According to Ramanathan, the fundamental
energy source for earth is sunlight. However, not all of the solar energy is
absorbed, about 30 percent is reflected back to space by clouds, the atmosphere
and land and sea surface, including sea ice, ice sheets, etc. The planet is
warmed by the remaining 70 percent and, in turn, re-radiates the heat as infrared
energy(also known as thermal energy or heat radiation). Over the long term,
climate is governed by the balance between the incoming solar heating and
cooling associated with the outgoing infrared energy. The added CO2 upsets this
balance by absorbing and re-emitting the infrared energy. In this process, the
blanket of CO2 acts just like wool blanket on a cold night
by trapping the outgoing infrared heat within the surface atmosphere system and
causing the planet to become warmer.
Effects of global warming include a rise
in sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather
events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. Ocean acidification is
also caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Overall high temperatures bring extreme
rain or snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.
From polar bears in the Arctic to marine turtles off the coast of Africa, our
planet’s diversity of life is at risk from the changing climate. As a result of
climate change, sea ice is melting earlier and forming later each year, leaving
polar bears less time to hunt. As their ice habitat shrinks, skinnier and
hungrier bears face a grave challenge to their survival. Climate change poses a
fundamental threat to the places, species and people’s livelihoods. Climate
change causes displacement of people in several ways, the most obvious—and
dramatic—being through the increased number and severity of weather-related
disasters which destroy homes and habitats causing people to seek shelter or
livelihoods elsewhere. It may also lead to dramatic increases in prevalence of
a variety of infectious diseases like dengue and malaria.
Thus, there are a lot of aftermaths of global warming that even this
research paper is not enough to write about. But the controversy over the
reality of global warming makes us hard to believe all these consequences.
However, the articles that we used to understand this issue has removed our
confusion by providing scientific facts and reasons.
III. Methodology
In our project, we have the data of the
water level; from 1845 till today and through our program we are calculating
the tangent of the increasing curve. The tangent is the rate of change in the
water level. Similarly, we applied the same method to study the CO2 emissions
and the rate of change of earth's crust temperature . We read and analyzed the
data from 1940 till today and have showed an increase in the concentration of
CO2 due to the heavy influence from humans. We also got the data of the earth's
crust temperature and calculated the tangents.
A. Units
· Temperate readings are in
degree Celsius.
· Water level are measured
in mm.
· Gar is measured in PPM
(parts per million) Equations
IV. Discussion of results
After running our code, we got the exact rate of change in the fields of
global temperature which is 1.32 percentage since 1880 till present. And when
we put the array of data’s that we got in the program to a graph we can
actually see how the statics are sky rocketing after the industrial revolution.
Similarly, from the water level
analysis, it is safe to conclude that water level is in fact rising. We got the
exact amount of how it rose since 1993 and it is 94.32mm. We also projected the
array that we got into the graph and we got the following graph. We can clearly
notice that the water level is rising rapidly.
Finally, as our last part of
our study, we also analyzed the data of Co2 emissions. Since, 1958-2019 we got
the average rate of the change of 92.82 PPM. This result definitely proves that
our atmosphere is also impacting our environment very deeply.
A. Graphs from the Data
Fig: Global
temperature graph (1880-2019)
As You can see the
global temperature is skyrocketing and it is not a good sign. Our program
calculates the slope of the curve that gives us the rate of change in
temperature which is 1.32.
Fig: water level rising (1993-2019)
Rate of change in water level is
94.32 mm
Fig: Co2 emission chart (1958-2019)
The
rate of change in co2 emission is 92.82 PPM
V. Appendex
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package streamIO;
import java.io.*;
public class IntputList {
public static void main(String[] args)throws
Exception
{
//Reading temperature data 1880-2018
File file = new File("tempreature.txt");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader(file));
//local variables for temperature analysis
String st; double j; double tArray[] = new
double [140];
int i = 0; double sumtemp =0;
double avgchangetemp =0.0;
while ((st = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(st);
j =
Double.valueOf(st);
tArray[i] = j;
sumtemp = sumtemp +j;
if(i>1)
{
if (avgchangetemp<0) {
avgchangetemp = avgchangetemp*-1;
avgchangetemp = (tArray[i]-tArray[i-1])*-1
+
avgchangetemp;
}
if(avgchangetemp>0 || avgchangetemp == 0 ) {
avgchangetemp = (tArray[i]-tArray[i-1]) +
avgchangetemp;
}
}
i++;
}//End of while loop
double averagetemp = sumtemp/(double)139;
System.out.println("The average
tempreature is :"
+averagetemp );
System.out.println("Average rate of
change in tempreature :"
+avgchangetemp);
br.close();
String message = "Thus, global
tempreature is rising every year !!";
char[] chars = message.toCharArray();
for (int e = 0; e < chars.length; e++) {
System.out.print(chars[e]);
Thread.sleep(500);
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//Reading gas data
File Gas = new File("gas.txt");
BufferedReader gs = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader(Gas));
double gavgchange=0;
String gas; double b; double gArray[] = new
double [740];
int a = 0; double gsum =0;
while ((gas = gs.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(gas);
b =
Double.valueOf(gas);
gArray[a] = b;
gsum = gsum +b;
if(a>=1) {
gavgchange = (gArray[a]-gArray[a-1]) + gavgchange;
}
a++;
}
double gaverage = gsum/(double)740;
System.out.println("The average co2
gas emission is :"
+gaverage);
System.out.println("Average increasing
rate of amount of co2 gas emission "
+
"is :"+gavgchange+"PPM
(Parts per Million )");
gs.close();
String messagea = "Earths atmosphere
is being compromised by higher PPM"
+
" of the CO2 gas !!";
char[] charsa =
messagea.toCharArray();
for (int f = 0; f< charsa.length; f++) {
System.out.print(charsa[f]);
Thread.sleep(500);
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//Reading water level data
File Water = new File("waterlevel.txt");
BufferedReader wl = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader(Water));
double wavgchange=0;
String water; double c; double wArray[] =
new double [979];
int d = 0; double wsum =0;
while ((water = wl.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(water);
c =
Double.valueOf(water);
wArray[d] = c;
wsum = wsum +c;
if(d>=1) {
if(wavgchange>0 || wavgchange == 0 ) {
wavgchange = (wArray[d]-wArray[d-1]) +
wavgchange;
}
if (wavgchange<0) {
wavgchange = wavgchange*-1;
wavgchange = (wArray[d]-wArray[d-1])*-1 +
wavgchange;
}
}
d++;
}
double waverage = wsum/(double)3;
System.out.println("The average increase
in water level :"
+
"" +waverage +" mm");
System.out.println("Average rate of
increase in water level"
+
" is :" +wavgchange+"
mm");
wl.close();
String messagew = "Water level is
rising.";
char[] charsw = messagew.toCharArray();
for (int r = 0; r< charsw.length; r++) {
System.out.print(charsw[r]);
Thread.sleep(500);
}
System.out.println();
String messagef = "Global
Warming is hapenning for REAL !!!";
char[] charsf = messagef.toCharArray();
for (int s = 0; s< charsf.length; s++) {
System.out.print(charsf[s]);
Thread.sleep(500);
}
}
}
|
Temperature data From climate change/NASA.gov
VI. Conclusion
Thus, after running our program and seeing
the increase in graph we conclude that global warming is real. So, we should be
working in order to preserve our natural habitat. We should invest more in
technologies, that helps to preserve the environment. Such as using
renewable sources of energy rather than burning fossil fuels. We should try to
decrease our carbon footprints. Create less wasteful products and make a habit
of recycling. We should increase the number of trees which will help to
neutralize the co2 present in our atmosphere. We are not the last generation on
earth, so let’s unite and preserve the nature so that future generations can
also enjoy the beauty of life.
VII. Annotated Bibliography
[1]
PROTHERO, D. R. (2012). How
We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused. Skeptic, 17(2), 14–22.
Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.rpa.laguardia.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=74972679&site=ehost-live
[2]
Ramanathan, V. (2006).
Global Warming. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 59(3),
36-38. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/3824473.
[3]
Reshchikov A, van
Achterberg K (2014) Review of the genus Metopheltes Uchida, 1932 (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae) with description of a new species from Vietnam. Biodiversity
Data Journal 2: e1061. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1061.
[4]
Gore R, Gaikwad S (2015)
Checklist of Fabaceae Lindley in Balaghat Ranges of Maharashtra, India.
Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4541. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4541.
[5]
Tan M, Kamaruddin K (2016)
Redescription of the little-known grasshopper Willemsella (Acrididae,
Hemiacridinae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7775.
https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7775
[6] http%3a%2f%2fwww.historystudies.net%2fdergi%2f%2fbirinci-dunya-savasinda-bir-asayis-sorunu-sebinkarahisar-ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.pdf
[7] Nadir Yurtoğlu - History Studies International Journal of
History - 2018.
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