ALU – Arithmetic logic unit
FPU – Floating point unit
Cache – Cache memory
1. ALU: Co- Processor inside the CPU which performs the arithmetical logical operations.
Arithmetical operations: - ,+,*,/ etc.
Logical operations: =, >, > etc.
2. FPU: Co-processor inside the CPU which process the floating (decimal value).
Eg. 10/4, 6/5 etc.
Resister: These are the high speed memory circuit located inside the CPU that holds the data for temporary period.
Modern processors are 64 and 128 bits registers.
Cache memory: It is also a memory inside the CPU which stores the data for temporary period.
It has 3 types:
Level 1 (L3), Level 2(2) and Level 3 (L3)
Level 1 : It is built director into the processor.
It's capacity is 8 to 64 kB.
Also called on-board or primary cache.
Level 2: It is positioned between CPU and RAM.
Also called external or secondary Cache,
Size is 64 kB to 2MB.
Level 3: It is only on Zeon and Itanium processors.
Size is 8 MB.
Bus: It is a group of parallel wires which refers to the path between the components of a computer. These are two types of bus:
1. Internal bus or system bus
2. External or expansion bus.
1. Internal or system bus: These are two types of internal or system bus:
I) Front side bus II) Back side bus.
II) Front side bus: It is the collective term for the physical pathways connecting the CPU, north bridge chipset and RAM.
It consists of two types. A) Data bus and B) Address bus.
A) data bus: It is the channel that the CPU uses to access data in the RAM.
B) Address Bus: It is the pathway that the CPU uses to communicate with the north bridge chipset.
II) Backside Bus: It refers to pathway that connects the CPU and the L2 cache memory.
Clock: The maximum no. of clock cycles that a CPU can handle in a given period of time is called to as its clock speed. It is CPU's speed which have two types:
Internal (main) speed and External speed:
1. Internal Speed: Main speed of CPU, at which it process the raw input data.
2. External speed: This is the speed at which it transfers the processed data.
NOTE: Internal speed is higher than external speed.
NOTE: Pentium processors and their equivalents have a 64 bits data bus and a 82 bits address bus.
INTEL PENTIUM FAMILY
CPU speed type socket
8088 4.77 Mgz DIPP DIPP
80286 12 QIPP QIPP
80386 16-40 QIPP QIPP
80486 25-120 QIPP/PGA QIPP,socket,1,2,3
80586 60 PGA Socket 4
Pentium I 75-166 MHz PGA Socket 5,6
Pentium MMX 166-233 PGA socket 7
(Multimedia extension)
Pentium II 233-450 MHz SECC/SEC Slot – 1
Pentium III 450-600 SEC/SEC slot - 1
Pentium III 500-1300 PGA socket 370
Pentium 4 1300MHz mpGA, mpGA 423, 478and LGA775
INTEL CELERON FAMILY
Pentium II based Celeron:
Speed: 266-700 MHz
Package: SEPP (single edge processor package)
Socket: slot 1 socket 370
Pentium III based Celeron:
Speed – 533-700 MHz
Package – PGA
Socket- Socket 370
Pentium 4 based Celeron:
Speed – 850 MHz
Package – SECC, PGA
Socket – Slot 1, socket 370.
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